Soils report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Soils - Lab Report Example The dampness content at the limit is typically characterized as the water content at which the two parts of the dirt cake will stream together for a separation of about half inch. The pliancy list then again is the numerical contrast between as far as possible and as far as possible and this number is ordinarily dimensionless (Day, 2005). Both the fluid and as far as possible are utilized to communicate the dampness content in the dirt. The pliancy file is the distinction between as far as possible and as far as possible. For the union test, the weight void relationship in the dirt can be resolved. This information is significant in the assurance of the pressure record of the dirt and the pre-solidification pressure (Day, 2005). Furthermore, this information can be utilized o decide the coefficient of combination of the dirt. The sifter test is completed to decide the level of the various grains that are contained in the dirt. The mechanical strainer examination is completed to decide the conveyance of the coarse and the medium grained grains. It must be led inside the ASTM D 422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils. The dirt example is gauged and recorded. The measures of the particles are resolved on a size with various sizes of the strainer gaps. The dirt is dried on a stove at a temperature of about 1050C - 1100C. The heaviness of the dry soil is estimated and recorded. A similar strategy is rehashed for the medium grained soil particles and the coarse grained particles for examination. An example of soil is taken and moved to a glass plate. Water is added to the dirt example and blended to for a glue. The dirt glue is then positioned in an impermeable holder. Utilizing the infiltration cone, the top surface of the dirt is contacted to and utilized as the beginning stage for the estimations. The dial check is then brought down to interface the cone shaft and the perusing on the dial measure is

Environmental Management Systems In The Genting Group Environmental Sciences Essay

Ecological Management Systems In The Genting Group Environmental Sciences Essay Start from the earliest starting point, the Genting Group picked up their most noteworthy notoriety and accomplishment through giving a spotless, agreeable, common habitat for each client who visit their premises/property and they all caring it. Its primary of the picture and symbol for everybody when they heard the name of Genting. In this manner, a steady improvement is critical to guarantee the great name is constantly acquired every once in a while. The Details of the Environmental Management System As a capable gathering, The Genting Group holds certain keys of intrigue. One of the moral obligations is Environment Sustainability. A program named Environmental Management System is executed, a four center zone of intrigue Conservation of normal assets, Waste administration, Prevention of contamination and Use of sustainable power source. Preservation of characteristic assets The Genting Group enlists proficient specialist to direct vitality review to quantify cost-vitality effectiveness on premises, executing vitality sparing instrument and leading Energy Conservation Awareness Seminars to representatives from Engineering Department. In year 2009, the organization planted a warmth recuperation framework. An air pre-radiator is introduced and fixed opening steam traps are utilized to diminish steam misfortune. Stream restrictors and compelling water volume decrease program too executed to even think about reducing water wastage. The gathering has participated in Earth Hour program in year 2009 as a help, mindfulness in condition protection and decrease on carbon discharge. The establishment of sensors on lifts and cooling framework assists with lessening power utilization particularly on the off-top season time. Squander Management-The Group alluded 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Concept and Environmental Quality Act 1974 to run the waste administration. In 3R, Reduce is finished by supplanting vitality effective gear on structures to lessen vitality wastage and side-effect wastage. The utilized, squandered, mistake printed paper is reuse to expand the utility and satisfy the Reuse of 3R. Partition of waste as per their material sort by readiness of classifications reuse canister reuses and the vermin-treating the soil practice of transforming food squander into natural manure meets Recycle rules. The other waste treatment, for example, excreta removal is conveyed to treatment plan for biodegrading before discharge it into the waterway with the goal that the water source isn't polluted. Anticipation of contamination In request to lessen/forestall contamination on air, water and land, the administration has actualized a few arrangements, for example, direct Yearly Sanitary Survey on water flexibly framework, supplanting diesel controlled water siphon to electrical fueled water siphon, supplant traditional cleanser to biodegradable sort cleanser in every day purging everyday practice to decrease and forestall water defilement. Ashore contamination issue, reusing the reusable thing with the goal that lesser waste is arrange at landfill site. Utilizing biodegradable sort thing like biodegradable plastic sacks and No Plastic Day crusade led to advance contamination anticipation. About the air contamination avoidance, establishment of smoke thickness locator and vent gas examination for boilers, generator sets and incinerators were lead now and again as indicated by the Environment Quality Act. The Occupational, Safety and Health Section began Mentoring Program to guarantee that the material use in all premises (Awana Genting Highlands, Awana Langkawi, and Awana Kijal) is agreed to Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), Regulation and Occupational Safety and Heath (Classification, Packaging and Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulation and ISO 14001. Utilization of restoration vitality Although the gathering has not yet completely send any reestablishment vitality source, they have the vital area for creating power by conveying sunlight based board and wind electric generator at the Hillside of Genting Highlands and different Gentings Premises. In addition, the National Objective Strategies from Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia drives the Genting Group looking ways from changing over ordinary electric flexibly to sustainable power source as replacement in long haul plan. By utilizing the sustainable power source, the lesser diesel fuel was scorched to produce power. Subsequently, the carbon outflow from diesel consuming and green house impact is decreased. The Genting bunch understood that utilizing recharging vitality source not just lessen air, commotion and water contamination however helps in decrease on activity cost, a success win circumstance for both condition and cost-adequacy. Budgetary determining of Environmental Management System At year 2009, the Genting Group has burned through RM23.5 million on the Properties, Plant and Equipment (PPE) improvement under Environmental Management System. These included Freehold Building upgrades, Plant, Equipment and Vehicles. Focal points of Environmental Management System Despite the fact that EMS, the negative impacts of the business activity, for example, squander creation, outflow from non-renewable energy source consuming, air-water-soil contamination can be limit adequately. Lesser vitality necessity from the structures demonstrates vitality sparing, less warmth creation and assists with lessening green house impact. The creation of natural compost also assists with lessening upkeep cost and shields the dirt from compound defilement. Detriments of Environmental Management System The costs for actualizing EMS at the beginning time are immense and the financial specialists wont ready to profit in momentary period. For instance, the framework for creating restoration vitality plan is extravagant, particularly the Solar Panel. Time and the board pressure excessively is unavoidable and mistake may every now and again happen. An ever increasing number of expert gifts were expected to upgrade and carry the organization to the cutting edge of advancement. Notwithstanding, employing these experts require an immense spending plan. Outside Program-Contribution to the Betterment of the Society The significance of commitment to the advancement of the general public Genting bunch is constantly intrigued to put forth an attempt in making a more advantageous, more joyful society which previously featured in their way of thinking. This is a direct result of a decent, solid society originates from great individuals and the accomplishment that Genting has firmly identified with the nearby networks. From individuals to individuals, the Genting bunch does making commitment all the opportunity to local people as an arrival. Along these lines, the gathering has chipping away at a few undertakings and exercises to refine it. The Details of commitment to society and good cause occasions Neighborhood Communities-the Genting bunch has put focus on helping nearby networks to improve nature of living, they work with a few cause gathering, for example, Womens Aid Organization, Malaysian Pediatrics Foundation, Alzheimer Disease Foundation, Hospis Malaysia, Malaysian Liver Foundation, Gujerati Association, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, St. John Ambulance and Red Cross Society. Likewise, the Genting bunch got together with the Ministry of Transport Malaysia, Ministry of Education Malaysia, Road Safety Department and Road Safety Marshal Club to lead a security crusade to show the adolescents the significance of wellbeing mindfulness. These included 4.5K elementary school understudies of Malaysia joined in, taught about street wellbeing practices and every one of them were talented with a SIRIM-affirmed security head protector. One of the Gentings offices, the Awana Langkawi sorted out a general wellbeing check for neighborhood networks on Health Day and security chat on Safety and Career Week. On the opposite side, at Malaysia the gathering built up GENM We Care Team, Awana We Care Team, Awana Kijal We Care Team and Awana Porto Malai We Care Team to energize the entirety of the representatives join network administration. These included direct cleaning, food gracefully, give fixing and support administration to the cause bunches like Badan Amal Nur Zaharah, Selangor Family Aid Association, Ampang Old Folks Home, Pusat Kebajikan Serendah . At England, the Genting Group is helping the networks by giving training on capable betting; do look into on avoidance and treatment of betting issue. The Genting bunch has brought a reserve up in request to help the Great or Gambling Research, Education and Treatment Foundation; they also help the national causes to do raising support exercises. OKU (Disability Group) the unfortunates the Genting bunch also thinks about the impaired individuals, particularly the individuals who are oppressed, covered up under the eyes of the general public. In Malaysia, with the chipping in help from workers, the visitors and The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf at Wisma Genting, the Wisma Genting Charity Week was led. The whole gathered store gave to the four cause associations: The United Voice, The Cheshire Home Selangor, The Hope Worldwide and The Harvest Center. Then again, the gathering hosts facilitated celebration themed good cause get-together on happy season, for example, fantasy Christmas Party for lamentable youngsters and senior residents and two Hollywood Blockbuster motion pictures were screened for the kids also. All the assortment was dealt with to the 67units government assistance homes and non-associations. In Singapore, the Genting bunch works with the neighborhood noble cause gatherings to raise finance for the under-favored youngsters. These foundation bunches are incorporated ST School Pocket Money Fund, Mendaki, Sinda and CDAC. Training Sports-Educational Sports are consistently assume significant job in molding a decent society. In this manner, Genting bunch has given about a large portion of a million ringgit to Malaysian Institute of Management on constructed a cutting edge, advance and refined library or Genting Resource Center. At sports, the gathering has supported certain game like Le Tour De Langkawi, King of Mountain (KOM), Junior Development Program of Selangor Tennis Association, sponsorship to Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) which won the FAA Suzuki Cup as of late and the Pahang Hockey Association. Culture Art-the

The Best Way to Proofread a College Essay College Essay Advisors

The Best Way to Proofread a College Essay College Essay Advisors The Best Way to Proofread a College Essay The Best Way to Proofread a College Essay If you have happened across this article, then congratulations! Youve finished a draft of your college essay! Now is the time to make sure your essay is fit for submission. To initiate the proofreading process, put your detective hat on. Its time to search the dark corners of your essay for mistakes. Errors are your enemy, big and small. Hunt those errors down. Scare them out of their little hiding places. (And there are sure to be a few of them hiding in plain sight.) Your computer’s spelling and grammar check exists for a reason. Use it as a preliminary guide to help identify potential errors. But keep in mind that the tool has limitations. We know. It’s sad. Sometimes technology fails us. Luckily for you, we live in the age of the Internet, where grammar snobs and language obsessives spend their free time expounding upon the difference between “I could care less” and “I couldn’t care less” for the benefit of the lost grammatical souls of the world. When in doubt, look up the rule. And be sure to confirm proper spelling and grammar via multiple, reliable sources before you implement any suggestions from the internet’s many friendly wordsmithing “experts.” This is also a good time to do a quick fact check and make sure any claims your make or data points you reference are correct. Are you sure you were 10 when the original Jurassic Park movie came out in theaters? (You actually weren’t born yet.) What state is Augusta in? (Yes, there is an Augusta in all of these places: AR, GA, IL, KS, KY, ME, MN, MI, MT, NJ, NY, SC, WV, WI.) It’s not a bad idea to check general timelines and order of events to make sure things piece themselves together properly. Factual errors can be distracting to admissions and make you look careless and lazy. Again, it’s so easy. Check yourself before you wreck yourself! One of the final checks in the editing process involves bringing back those Common App essay prompts you have learned to love so much. If your topic is truly effective you have most likely been able to seamlessly back it into one of the six set prompts. Still, this is the time to check and make sure you have tried your best to answer the question you’re being asked. Often a few small tweaks will ensure an essay hits the question’s target dead center, while preserving your central message. We still stand firm in the philosophy that an enlightening story well told trumps all â€" but if you have the opportunity to tell a great story and nail the prompt in the process, which you most likely will â€" take the winning shot. If all else fails, you can always count on the choose-your-own-adventure prompt (#7). About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Want an expert to review your essay? We're here to help! GET IN TOUCH »

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Walt Disney s Impact On The Cartoon Industry - 819 Words

Walt Disney was an incredible inspiration in the cartoon industry. Did you know that he was the reason why Walt Disney Company is so successful? Walt Disney always found a way to get through obstacles and made a massive impact in the cartoon industry. It’s highly influenced by Walt Disney. He was an incredibly humble man with the greatest intention of huge dreams. Though he may have faced the most difficult problems, he didn’t hesitate to try. Regardless, Walt Disney still matters. Walt Disney is still an inspiration. Walt Disney made impacts. Walt Disney has faced struggles you wouldn’t expect. Walt Disney found himself in cases where he had been through trouble and rough times. Yet, he still finds himself in successful†¦show more content†¦He made his audience proud. Walt Disney has won more than forty awards. He has been through incredible struggles, but has gotten his way to a beautiful destination. Now he’s famous. He grew up poor and drew drawings for his neighbors. He dropped out of school at the age of sixteen and tried to join the military but got rejected. Certainly, he tried again, and got accepted. His first office got bankrupt and he ended up moving to Burbank. But that same office also went at war during World War II and he nearly lost everything as a result. â€Å"He lost â€Å"Pinocchio,†Ã¢â‚¬ Fantasia† and â€Å"Bambi,† along with the cost of the new stud io being built, Disney is forced to offer public stock, something Walt Roy did not want to do.† - According to www.justdisney.com He didn’t live life easy, but he received a remarkable amount of awards for his pay off at trying. Lastly, knowing Walt Disney, he puts cartoon and fun into a bit of everything. For example, even when Walt Disney was 16, he drove an ambulance in France. But instead of having camouflage as his car, he had cartoons. Walt Disney had an inspiration with drawing. It’s important to realize, all he ever wanted to do was draw. He had high expectations with high standards. Walt Disney was typically a shy and insecure man. But Disney has grown a warm and outgoing personality. He was different. He was into the cartoon industry, more than what reality seemed as if it was. He’s also just been into animation andShow MoreRelatedHow Disney Magic And The Corporate Media Shape Youth Identity Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesAiden Impact of Disney Introduction: http://whmc.umsystem.edu/historicmissourians/name/d/disney/ Product Launch: http://cs231n.stanford.edu/reports2016/265_Report.pdf Brand culture: https://www.uwlax.edu/urc/jur-online/PDF/2004/francoeur.pdf Culture effect: http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/2808:how-disney-magic-and-the-corporate-media-shape-youth-identity-in-the-digital-age Frozen example: http://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2015/07/28/the-frozen-effect-when-disneys-movie-merchandising-is-too-much/#61ba13235f08Read MoreCasey Blackwell. Spc 1608. Professor Workman. 7 February1234 Words   |  5 PagesWorkman 7 February 2017 Walt Disney Introduction I. Open With Impact A. A creative person famously stated â€Å"It all started with a mouse.† You may be thinking that you know who this mouse is, but not too fast. Yes, it is Mickey Mouse, but who was the brilliant man that created this happy little creature? II. Thesis Statement A. Walt Disney has made a significant impact to the entertainment industry with his cartoons, movies, and theme parks. III. Connect With Audience A. Walt Disney created an empire thatRead MoreThe Success Of Walt Disney858 Words   |  4 Pagesdoubt, Walt Disney was an incredible inspiration in the cartoon industry. Did you know that he was the reason why Walt Disney Company is so successful? Walt Disney always found a way to get through obstacles and made a massive impact in the cartoon industry. Indeed, it’s highly influenced by Walt Disney. Above all, he was an incredibly humble man with the greatest intention of huge dreams. Though he may have faced the most difficult problems, he didn’t hesitate to try. Regardless, Walt DisneyRead MoreWalt Disney : A Pioneer Of Cartoon Films And As The Founder Of The Disney Company957 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination ¨ (Disney, 2014). Walter Elias  ¨Walt ¨ Disney is famous as a pioneer of cartoon films and as the founder of The Walt Disney Company. He was an American motion-picture producer, television producer, and a showman. Disney came from humble beginnings but ended up transforming the entertainment industry. Walt Disney had a challenging childhood, grew up and chose a career that would liven up his life, achieved many accomplishments, and left a legacy for years to come. Childhood Walt Disney was bornRead MoreWalt Disney Biography Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history, there have been many notable American figures that had enormous impacts on almost everyones daily lives. Although, one figure stands out among many, and that man worked his hardest to make his dreams come true, Walt Disney. Disney made a reputation of brilliance and [t]he combination of Disneys desire to try new techniques and his striving to make a better product set him apart from most other animators (Nardo 25). How could anyone forget classics like Mickey Mouse, SnowRead MoreWalt Disney : The Disney1647 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Walt Disney is known Walt Disney innovations include the first cartoons with synchronized sound, the first full-length animated feature film and, of course, the theme park. â€Å"Walt Disney was an American motion-picture and television producer and showman, famous as a pioneer of cartoon films and as the creator of Disneyland. Walter Elias Walt Disney was born on December 5, 1901, in Hermosa, Illinois. He and his brother Roy co-founded Walt Disney Productions, which became one of the best-knownRead MoreWalt Disney And The American History1044 Words   |  5 Pageswanted to do things, I wanted to build things, or get something going.† (LeeBron) Disney stated that when he realized that he wanted to make a difference in people’s lives. Disney never wanted to be boring or be known as the man who did not have a childhood and was always pushed around by his father. Disney wanted to be successful in life, he wanted the name ‘Walt Disney’ to be remembered, and it will be forever. Disney has achieved many important and exciting accomplishments within his life. He createdRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Transformational Leadership1 726 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to act as a consulting analysis on how Walt Disney utilized his transformational leadership and brought to the world one of the most famous entertainment companies in the 20th century. 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They have five business segments which are media network, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products and interactive media. Disney Media Network consists of broadcast, cable, radio, publishing and digital businesses within the Disney/ABC Television Group and ESPN, Inc. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is comprised of family oriented parks and resorts all around the world. They

The Advantage and The Detriments of Using Internet Free Essays

The honourable headmaster, and staff of my shcool. The honourable the Juries and my English teachers. Ladies and Gentlemen. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantage and The Detriments of Using Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, I want to say thanks for our almighthy God who has given us health so we can meet in this nice room today. And I don’t forget to express my gratitude to the juries who have given me the opportunity to stand here for conveying a speech in front of you all. And then I say thank you very much for all the participants and the udience that give me support to deliver my speech. Ladies and Gentlemen. At this time I will convey a speech in front of you by little the Advantages and the Detriments of using internet. Internet is a program that has been created to connect the communication from one computer to all the computer in the world. Internet usually use by students, businessmen, and etc. Internet have many advantages for us. The advantages is we can find a lot of informations, knowledges, entertainments, nd business informations. Although Internet have a lot of advantages. Internet have many detriments too. The detriments arise because many people who abuse It like playing game too often, waste time, not take knowledge, hackers, dirty advertisements, look at pornography picture and waste money. I think It’s enough for today. Thank you for all the Juries and all the audience. Last but not least, I give one statement for â€Å"Browse this world by Internet but don’t forget for the consequence of Internet†. How to cite The Advantage and The Detriments of Using Internet, Papers

Organizational Communication and Rules †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Communication and Rules. Answer: Description of the topic Organizational communication is one of the most essential activities that are taken up in any business organization. The topic organizational communication has been chosen, since without effective communication, sound organizational work is not possible. Organizational communication needs to follow seven basic communication rules. These include the following: Clarity: Clear business communication and convey of the facts clearly in business is essential for effective business communication. Lack of clarity in communication will result in misunderstanding among the members (Kaul 2014). Correctness: The communication among the employees in any business needs to be correct. Incorrect information being conveyed will result in deflection from the fulfilment of the organizational goals (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). Complete: While communicating in business, it is essential that the communication is complete. Incomplete communication will result in increase in misunderstanding among the employees, giving rise of conflicts and confusion (Kaul 2014). Concrete: Concrete communication is an important part of organizational communication. Hence, the employees need to engage in concrete communication (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). Concise: Organizational communication needs to be concise. Sharing of irrelevant information has to be avoided by the employees of the business organization. Lack of concise communication will over burden the employees with irrelevant information, failing to extract the required information. Consideration: Consideration and good relation among the employees is important to be established in business communication. Empathetic communication and understanding the situation that the employees are going through needs to be maintained (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). Courteous: Courtesy in business communication is one of the basic requirements that have to be followed by the employees in order to ensure effective business and organizational communication. Thus, in order to ensure effective business and organizational communication, the 7Cs of communication needs to be followed diligently. Thus, organizational communication is essential and has been chosen. Personal reflection I found the topic of organizational behaviour interesting and useful. This is because, organisational communication is essential for any business organization. Effective communication has a great significance in successful fulfilment of the organizational goals. The clarity in communication among the employees needs to be maintained in the organizations such that they are able to work efficiently. However, lack of maintenance of clear communication will result in confusion among the employees (Argenti 2015). I have chosen this topic, since it is interesting to study the various ways of communication among the employees of any business organization. The lack of clarity among the employees is not acceptable for the successful completion of the organizational goals (Anderson 2016). The communications among the various levels of employees have to be completed successfully, such that effective communication and fulfilment of the organizational goals could be done. I have understood the im portance of organizational communication and its significance in the daily lives. Moreover, communication has a key role to play in ensuring the successful fulfilment of the organizational goals (Argenti 2015). I have understood that there are two types of organizational communication. These are the internal and external communication. The internal communication helps in the flow of information among the employees of the business organization. This communication might flow upwards, horizontally or downwards (Anderson 2016). The external communication includes the exchange of information between the organizational members and external stakeholders. The formal communication channels in the organization have to be maintained, such that clear communications among all the employees in the business organization are maintained. Another reason for choosing this topic is the future application of organizational communication, which will help me enhance my professional skills and career. The organizational communication skill needs to be incorporated in me, such that I am able to communicate effectively. Application in present or future professional career Organizational and business communication has a significant role to play in my present or future professional career. I have learned the various ways of effective business communication. This will ensure its full application in my professional career. Moreover, I have learned about how I would communicate, such that the norms of business communication and fulfilled successfully. Business communication is essential for the successful communication of the organizational goals (Jackson 2014). In order to fulfil the organizational goals, each employee has to communicate with clarity with each other, so that all information is exchanged with clarity. Courtesy and empathy in business organization has a high significance. While communicating with juniors, seniors and colleagues, it is important that courtesy be maintained among each other. Thus, by learning the various ways of effective communication, my professional career is enhanced. I can communicate with my colleagues with clarity. I w ill communicate concisely and will convey only the information that is necessary. Thus, by being concise, I am able to get rid of the overhead of excess and irrelevant information. It is important to ensure that the information that I convey through communication is correct and complete. Conveying incorrect information to the employees with increase redundancy and decrease my trustworthiness. Thus, I need to ensure that I convey only correct and complete information. The completeness of the information in needed in organizational communication (Cenere et al. 2015). Incomplete communication will result in the increase of redundancy among the employees. Queries and questions will be raised because of incomplete communication (Roebuck and McKenney 2006). Thus, it is essential that complete communication be carried out in order to ensure effective organizational communication (Bove and Thill 2013). Moreover, I have also learned about refraining from use of emotions while communicating i n business and organizations. The emotions need to be controlled while communication, thus ensuring effective organizational communication. Thus, the path of my professional career will be enhanced, along with helping me to communicate effectively in business organizations. It is important that I carry out internal and external communications successfully in the business organization. This will ensure a clear communication with the internal as well as external stakeholders. Thus, the importance of effective business communication and organizational communication has been realised by me and will help me to develop my professional and soft skills. References Anderson, C., 2016. Importance of External Business Communication. Extrado desde https://smallbusiness. chron. com/importance-external-business-communication-19304. html. Argenti, P.A., 2015. Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Bove, C.L. and Thill, J.V., 2013. Business communication essentials. Pearson Higher Ed. Cenere, P., Gill, R., Lawson, C. and Lewis, M., 2015. Communication Skills for Business Professionals 7. Cambridge University Press. Jackson, D., 2014. Business graduate performance in oral communication skills and strategies for improvement. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(1), pp.22-34. Kaul, A., 2014. Effective business communication. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Roebuck, D.B. and McKenney, M.A., 2006. Improving business communication skills. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014. Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson.

Exercise with an elliptical trainer free essay sample

Exercise with an elliptical trainer (ET) was shown to benefit the cardiorespiratory condition and some institutions include it in fitness for rehabilitation purposes. Despite the benefits of the elliptical training to the cardiovascular fitness, no research has been performed to find the effects of the elliptical exercise on the lower-limbs joints and to improve the elliptical trainer’s design. Â  This research is to obtain a three-dimensional dynamic analysis of the lower limb during elliptical exercise and level walking that will determine the difference of load on different areas of the lower limb. This is Fifteen male adults were picked to study the difference between the three-dimensional dynamic analysis data as well as the movement of the center of body mass, lower-limb joint angles pedal, moments, pedal reaction force (PRF) and ground reaction force (GRF). The rate and length of the pedal was set to match the data measured while level walking without workload. We will write a custom essay sample on Exercise with an elliptical trainer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The instrument used were commercially available elliptical trainer from Cycling Health Tech industry RD Center in Taiwan, six-component force transducer provided by Bertec Corporation which is use to measure the PRF at the right pedal, force plates from Advance Mechanical technology Inc. which measures the GRF, and the Vicon512, the seven-camera motion-analysis system from Oxford Metrics Group in United Kingdom which gets the three-dimensional kinetics data. The measurements were all taken synchronously. After obtaining the data, the data from both activities were put into the SPSS 10.0 for a paired t-test statistical analysis at 5% level of significance. The mean pedal rates and step lengths were 52.20 rounds per minute with standard deviation of 2.34 and 50.56 cm with standard deviation of 2.14 cm, respectively. The vertical PRF in the early stage was found to be smaller than the GRF, but the medial and posterior were larger, it was also found PRF to occur on the swing, loading rates at the heelstrike were smaller in elliptical exercise than on level walking, the hip, knee, and ankle peak flexion angles were higher during elliptical exercise, and peak moments at the hip flexor and knee extensor where higher, while peak moments at the ankle plantar flexor and all abductors were lower. The study showed that the elliptical exercise has a more optimum level of vertical PRF and loading rates than in level walking at the expense of greater hip flexor and knee extensor moments. The result showed that the lower-limb joints kinematics and dynamics was caused by the locomotor system of the controlled pedal trajectory. The future use of the elliptical trainer in athletic and rehabilitation purposes should include the joint function and muscle strength of the patient and it is also recommended that the design need to be change to improve the mobility of the pedal system and reduce the slope of the pedal ellipse.

Polar Vs. Brown Bear Essays - Bears, Polar Bear, Brown Bear

Polar Vs. Brown Bear Essays - Bears, Polar Bear, Brown Bear Polar Vs. Brown Bear There are eight different species of bears found throughout the world: the spectacled bear, the Asiatic black bear, the brown bear (including grizzlies), the polar bear, the sun bear, the American black bear, the sloth bear and the giant panda. Even though most people can distinguish a polar bear from a brown bear by the color of the fur, a lot of people fail to identify all the differences among those two species. Both bears can be perceived as large, clumsy and lumbering beasts with heavily built bodies but short legs, necks and tails. Both of them have rounded ears and noticeably small eyes relative to their large body size. While both of the bears belong to same family, they have several profound differences. They live in different geographical areas, differ in amount of the population, size, physical features, some eating habits, and their behavior toward human beings. The polar bear is found in all of the polar regions of the entire northern hemisphere. This includes Russia, Norway, Greenland, The United States and Canada. Their preferred habitat is in the area where the northern seas meet the shoreline. In this area, there is a constant freezing and thawing of the ice. It is estimated that there are currently somewhere between 20,000 and 40,000 polar bears. The polar bear is the largest member of the bear family, weighing in at between 440 and 1760 pounds with overall body length 11.5 feet. It can grow much larger, however. In fact, there is a record of an adult polar bear weighing over 2200 pounds. Polar bears have a distinctive all white fur which is important camouflage when hunting on the ice pack. Their actual color of the skin is black which is thought to be an adaptation for better heat retention. Compared to the other bears, the neck of polar bear is much longer. This makes it easier for them to keep their heads above water when swimming. Like those of other bears, the ears of the polar bear are round. They are, however, smaller and closer to the head. This also helps the animal to be an exceptional swimmer. The forepaws on a polar bear are very large. With a diameter approaching 12 inches and partial webbing between their toes, polar bears are able to use their front feet much like paddles to propel them rapidly through the water. Polar bears are excellent swimmers. They are able to swim distances greater than 60 miles without a pause to rest, maintaining average speed of 6 miles per hour. On land, they are not as quick as brown bears and appear to have traded off speed for their extremely massive forelegs which they use to break through seal dens and to flip a large seal out of the water. Polar bears have also developed large stomachs with a capacity of more than 150 pounds of food. Their digestive system is also more adapted for processing meat than plant material because they are almost exclusively meat eaters. While out on the ice, their diet consists mostly of marine mammals such as the ringed seals, bearded seals and occasionally a walrus or narwhal. Also, in keeping with their carnivorous nature, the canine teeth, used for seizing and holding prey, are longer, sharper and spaced wider apart than in brown bears. Polar bear are at the top of the arctic food chain with no natural enemies. Because of that, compared to other bears, polar bears are the most aggressive and more willing to consider humans as a prey. In other words, when they see a human, they see a walking meal. Consequently the person attacked is usually killed unless the bear is killed first. The most carnivorous, they are also the most patient and determined all of bears. In some instances they may follow a person for hundreds of miles in order to hunt him down. Out of eight species polar bear is considered to be the most dangerous to human beings. The brown bear has the most widespread distribution in the world of any of the eight bear species. They are found throughout most of the northern hemisphere including North America and Eurasia. Their preferred habitat includes mountain forests,

Texas HB15 & the Abortion Debate Research Paper

Texas HB15 & the Abortion Debate - Research Paper Example The problem in this situation depends on the individual’s own moral views on abortion and the legitimate functions of the State with regard to personal privacy. The reason that it is considered a state issue in Texas is primarily due to the concentration of anti-abortion leaders in the political representatives of the state and their advocacy of this bill. It can be stated that there is no national or local cry from women popularly who are seeking government regulations to control their personal reproductive decisions, but rather a minority group of political conservatives are seeking to apply their moral views to society through this legislation that would introduce mandatory testing and reporting requirements into the medical process of abortion. HB15 â€Å"Relating to providing a sonogram before an abortion; providing penalties,† was introduced into the 82nd Legislative Session of Texas because local anti-abortion advocates believed that they had the political suppor t to push the bill through, but the larger issue is whether this minority has the right to impose their morality on others through the restrictions advocated in the bill, or whether these powers are inconsistent with the individual’s right to privacy. (Texas Tribune, 2011) ... rested parties in this debate are all women particularly who believe it is their right to self-determine their reproductive choices according to their own morality, rather than that of a Republican, â€Å"moral minority† that seizes power through political control of the House and uses this power to pass anti-abortion legislation. The anti-abortion advocates behind the bill are trying to save the life of every unborn child out of their ideological opposition to abortion fundamentally. The problem is that anti-abortion advocates cannot accept that other individuals may have moral standards and views that are different and with that the right to self-determine their lives according to their own definition. The counter-argument to this is that abortion is murder and people must do anything they can to stop it. The reasoning behind the mandate for women to receive a sonogram in the case of an abortion is to morally shame the woman by making her listen to a fetal heartbeat before s he undergoes the procedure. In this instance, the anti-abortionists are interested in humiliating women and forcing them to walk through a bureaucratic system of State control due to the moral views of the anti-abortionists. Policy positions: What are the different policy proposals for the various interested parties? Name the preference for each and what they will gain by having their policy enacted and what they will lose by having another policy enacted. The Dallas News reported on the legislative details of HB15 and the debate in the House over the bill, writing: â€Å"Women in Texas must be offered a fetal sonogram and hear a heartbeat before having an abortion under legislation approved by the Senate on Thursday. The legislation, hailed by abortion opponents as a way to entitle women to more

Hotel Quality Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hotel Quality Management - Research Paper Example Customers who request for a room change spend several minutes before they are reallocated another room. This has proven to be ineffective to customers and hotel departments. Other room services such as newspaper delivery and baggage storage also require improvements. Most of the processes that take place in the hotel are done manually, and there is minimal use of technology. Guests have to call for transport at the check-out time since there are no prior arrangements or contracts with transport companies. These activities and processes compromise the quality of services offered by the hotel, and may drive away some customers. Automating the check-in and check-out process would greatly improve the hotel services. A quality system empowers workers at several levels in the hotel in order to establish guest service expectations and device the best way to meet or exceed these expectations. An online check-in system would prove effective in providing quality system. This would help custome rs conduct booking processes via the internet and make payments online. Currently, the hotel uses a manual identification process, which involves checking identification documents. A computerized check-in process would enable hotel attendants verify the identity of customers automatically. Online services can also conduct room changes before they check-in to the hotel. Room change processes usually consume a lot of time before the new room is prepared. Conducting these requests before the guests check-in would save the amount of time spent. The check-out process is also conducted manually by checking the identification of the customer and retrieving customer accommodation information manually. Guests have to line up at the front desk to clear from the hotel. A computerized system would automate the confirmation process, and guests could check-out of their room without lining up at the front desk. Guests are presented with their bill at the front desk, which increases the amount of t ime spent. An efficient system would enable guests receive their bills before leaving their rooms. The hotel does not conduct a customer satisfaction survey about their services. Collecting customer feedback would enable the hotel improve different areas of their services, which did not please the customers. A guest email service would facilitate the collection of customer feedback and assist the hotel management to process the collected data. The core of quality management is to steer the business towards an improved performance. It has three main components, which include quality assurance, quality control, and quality improvement. Consistent quality is achieved by not only improving the condition of services, but also by improving the processes (Jones and Lockwood, 2004). This involves eliminating or minimizing defects present at the business processes and type of services offered. Customer and investor satisfaction are directly linked to the quality of services provided in the h otel. A hotel quality system would reduce competition from other hotels with the help of benchmarking. The hotel would have a mechanism of measuring the degree of customer needs and expectations through the customer feedback system. The hotel would then match these expectations and needs against the perceived quality. Automating the

Industrialised Building System for Malaysia Public Housing

Industrialised Building System for Malaysia Public Housing The Malaysia construction industry plays an important role in generating wealth to the country and development of social and economic infrastructures and building. The industry provides job opportunities for 800,000 people which represented 8% of total workforce (CIMP, 2006). The construction industry is one of the productive sectors that constantly contribute to the economy. According to CIDB (2003), the IBS is a construction technique in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. IBS is not new to the construction industry in Malaysia. Only it has now remerged worldwide into the 21st century as a reasonable solution to improve overall construction image and performance. The Malaysia government has spared no effort to bring IBS to the drawing tables of all professionals involved in the built environment. Based on the IBS Roadmap (2003), the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 has been endorsed by the Cabinet of Ministers to be the blueprint document for the industrialisation of the Malaysia construction sector. This is because under the Seventh Malaysia Plan (1996-2000) the Government of Malaysia for the first time to introduced the Low Medium Cost Housing category (the previously it was classified together with medium cost housing category) due to the always increasing demand for housing in this category. In additional, it is to ensure that the middle low income group with salary ranging from RM1,501.00 to RM2,500.00 per month and able to own a house. However, the pricing of low medium cost housing are around RM42,001.00 to RM60,000.00 per unit only. Using IBS in this types of housing project are more suitable because high volume and stability of demand for buildings is the advantages of using IBS. Besides that, it will also reduce the selling price of low medium cost housing. The IBS is a manufactured the building components at factories (off site manufacture), will enable cost saving; safety and health; productivity and quality improvement through the reduction of labour intensity and construction standardisation. Apart from this method, it also offers minimal site wastage, less site materials, cleaner and neater environment, controlled quality, and lower total construction costs. Using higher percentage of IBS in the construction of public housing and other building projects will provide better productivity, quality, and safety, especially for the total construction time saving and cost saving. IBS will contribute towards a better construction industry, as well as improve the global competitiveness of Malaysian builders. Nowadays, IBS in Malaysia become more popularity in the construction industry especially for the Government project. An early effort by the Government of Malaysia to promote usage of IBS and develop an Open Building system (OBS) concept as an alternative to conventional and labour intensive construction method has yet to make headway. According to Works Minister Datuk Mohd Zin Mohamed, the prefabricated parts will be used in all Government projects in a proposal to reduce the dependence on foreign workers. Besides that, it wills also reducing inherent social problems involving these foreign workers. The use of prefabricated parts was part of the IBS which would be adopted for all Government projects. The Government of Malaysia has ordered all government agencies carrying out development and peoples housing projects to use at least 70% IBS content in those projects. Aim A study into using IBS in the public housing in Malaysia and the popularity apply in the construction. Objectives To study the history of IBS in public housing. To study the classification of various types of IBS and apply to public housing. To identify the benefits and barriers of the IBS in public housing. To identify as a potential method to improve overall construction performance. To identify as a popularity for public housing. Hypothesis Apply IBS into public housing will be one of the better construction methods to construct the building. For the future, the IBS will become more and more popularity for construction industry in Malaysia. For the construction cost, time and quality, IBS will be the better one to control all the construction cost, to speed up the construction times and to provide high quality of components. Background Since early 1960s, IBS has been introduced in Malaysia by the use of precast concrete beam-column element and panelized system (Thanoon, 2003). Nearly, 22.7 acres of land along Jalan Pekeliling was dedicated to the project comprising seven blocks of 17-storey flats (about 3,000 units of low-cost flat and 40 shop lots). These first pilot projects are using the Danish System of large panels in a prefabricated system. The second pilot project is a six block of 17-storey flats and three blocks of 18-storey flats at Jalan Rifle Range and using French Estoit System. Apply the IBS in the construction industry will improve overall construction performance such as standardization, total quality improvement, reduce defect, waste reduction, cost saving and etc. But nothing in this world is perfect, so some barriers of using IBS in the construction industry will be the poor knowledge of install IBS, lack of guidance, lack of professional trained in IBS and etc. Based on IBS Roadmap (2003), IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 was developed and published to steer the direction of IBS implementation and promotion activities and guide the practitioners and policy makers on IBS related issues. Scope and limitation of study This paper shall identify the common types of IBS in the construction industry and apply into public housing in order to determine their impact on construction projects and popularity for the public housing. This study is part of the ongoing research appraising and analyzing how we use the IBS in construction and how many percentage of IBS are using in the construction project. Therefore, this study will include the following areas: Definition of IBS in public housing. The history of the IBS for public housing in Malaysia. Classification of IBS in Malaysia. Various types of IBS in construction industry and which one is more useful for public housing. The advantages and disadvantages of using IBS for public housing. The selling price and the popularity using IBS for public housing to the contractor. Research Methodology Literature Review In the beginning, literature review was conducted to determine an overall idea regarding IBS for public housing. This refers to collecting the latest secondary data and information from different sources which including books, journals, magazines, dissertations, conference papers, and information from the internet. These materials were used for background reading to obtain full understanding and information needed for discussion and analysis in the research. Questionnaires A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. The questions will centre on the KL areas mentioned in the above objectives. A multi-option format will be designed and limited to about 30 questions, in order to obtain a high level of response. Project Plan and Schedule Chapter 1 : Introduction This chapter will include the project title, rationale of the study, scope and limitation of study, research goals and methodology. In addition, aims, objective and hypothesis of the study are included under the research goals. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter will display the definition of IBS, history of IBS for public housing, classification of IBS in Malaysia, and benefits and barriers of using IBS in construction project for public housing and this literature review will base on the dissertation objectives. Chapter 3: Research Methodology This chapter will discuss on the technique for data collection to achieve the dissertations aim and objective. Besides, it also includes the research sample and method of analysis for the feedback obtained from the respondents. Chapter 4: Data Analysis This chapter wills surveys and analysisÂÂ  the data collectionÂÂ  from the contractor, consultant and developer of people about their opinions, behaviour or knowledge. Chapter 5: Conclusion The conclusion will include summary on the dissertation from chapter 1 to chapter 4 together all the research result to present the overall findings and make appropriate recommendations. References CIDB, 2003. IBS Roadmap 2003-2010. Malaysia: CIDB. CIDB, 2003. National IBS Survey, 2003. Malaysia: CIDB. Kamar, K.A.M.,Alshawi,M. And Hamid,Z.,(2009). Barriers to Industrialised Building System (IBS): The Case of Malaysia. [pdf] United Kingdom: IPGRC. Available at: http://www.cream.com.my/publications/whitepapers/Abstract111.pdf. [Accessed 15 May2010] Mohd Rofdzi Abdullah, Kamarul Anuar Mohd Kamar, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, Ahmad Tarmizi Haron, Mohammed Arif, (2009). Industrialised Building System: A Definition and Concept. [pdf] United Kingdom: ARCOM. Available at: http://www.cream.com.my/publications/whitepapers/Arcom.pdf. [Accessed 05 May 2010] CHAPTER 2:Â  LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction This chapter will explain in details and provide the literature review of Industrialised Building System (IBS). Besides that, it will also cover the literature review of building system. Usually, the contents of this chapter are including definitions of IBS, history of IBS in public housing, classification of IBS, types of IBS, characteristic of IBS, benefits and barriers of using IBS in public housing, IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 and IBS scoring system. 2.1 Definitions of IBS Until the present time there has been no single commonly-approved definition of IBS. IBS can be different industry players to define different things. However, there are difference resources to define the several definitions that reflected the concept of IBS and which widely accepted by the construction industry. According to CIDB Malaysia (2001) defines IBS as a construction technique in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. As such, components that are being prefabricated in a controlled environment on site are also considered as IBS. While there are numerous descriptions of the IBS concept by local researchers, all of the definitions stressed on prefabrication and mass production. In other definition by Warswaski (1999), the IBS can be defined in which all building are mass produced such as walls, slabs, beams, columns and staircases either in factory or at site factory under strict quality control and minimal wet site activities. Industrialisation process is an investment in equipment, facilities and technology with the purpose of maximising production output, minimizing labour requirement and improving total quality while a building system is defined as a set of interconnected element that joint together to enable the designated performance of a building. Based on Lessing et al (2005) explained IBS as an integrated manufacturing and construction process with well planned organization for efficient management, preparation and control over resources used, activities and results supported by the used of highly developed components. Rahman Omar (2006) defined IBS as a construction system that is built using prefabricated components. The manufacturing of the components is systematically done using machine, formworks and other forms of mechanical equipment. The components are manufactured offsite and once completed will be delivered to construction sites for assembly and erection. Chung Kadir (2007) defined IBS as a mass production of building components either in factory or at site according to the specification with standard shape and dimensions and transport to the construction site to be re-arranged with certain standard to form a building. 2.2 History of IBS in Public Housing IBS in Malaysia has began in early 1960s, according to Thanoon et al (2003) when Ministry of Housing and Local Government of Malaysia visited several European countries, at the same time evaluates their housing development program. In the year 1964 and after their successful visit, the Government had launched pilot project on using IBS to increase the delivery time and to construct better quality and affordable houses. The first pilot project was constructed at Jalan Pekeliling in Kuala Lumpur and about 22.7 acres of land was dedicated to the project comprising four blocks of 4-storey flats and seven blocks of 17-storey flats and comprising total about 3,000 units of low cost flats for the low and median income group and 40 units of shop lots. This housing project was undertaken by Gammon/ Larsen Nielsen and this project are using the Danish System of large panels in a industrialised prefabricated system. According to Thanoon et al (2003), the construction for housing project was complete from 1966 until 1968 (around total 27 months) speed up the time taken in the construction of the around RM 2.5 million casting yard at Jalan Damansara. In 1965, the Government of Malaysia launched a second project, is a three blocks of 18-storey flats and six blocks of 17-storey flats and comprising total about 3,699 units and 66 units of shop lots along at Jalan Rifle Range in Penang. The housing project was honoured by Hochtief/ Chee Seng and this project are using French Estoit System (Din, 1984). This housing project was complete within 27 months. If we are mention to the two pilot projects, a performance comparison between the IBS and the conventional system has been carried in terms of cost, productivity, quality, and time. According to the research, the first pilot project incurred 8.1% higher costs than a similar building such as using conventional construction method, while the second pilot project was lower. In term of total construction speed, both of the housing project required total 27 months to complete the whole project, inclusive of time required to set up the recasting factories. The total quality of building finishes was also found to be better than the using conventional construction method. Another earliest using IBS in public housing project was at Taman Tun Sardon in Penang. These using IBS in public housing project total all about 1,000 units of 5-storey walk up flat and this project are using IBS precast component and system. The IBS precast component and system in the housing project was designed to the low cost housing by British Research Establishment and especially for the low and median income group. According to the research of Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) 2006, almost at the same time at Edmonton in North London, there are using similar system was constructed and total amount about 20,000 BRECAST dwellings were constructed throughout UK from 1964 until 1974. Based on Rahman and Omar (2006), the total all building design was very basic and quite simple and not considering the feature of serviceability such as the local or user needs to have wet toilet and bathroom. According to the CIDB (2006), many constructions in the following years using precast wall panel system. Low cost high rise residential building is one of the processes to survey that IBS was connect at first place in the construction to overcome the increasing demand for housing needs. For all that, in the earlier stage was never sustained for the industrialisation of construction. Failure of early closed fabricated system made the industry afraid of changing their construction method. The information was based on the CIDB (2005), using IBS in construction were also found not be so suitable with Malaysia climate and social practices especially for the foreign systems that were introduced during the late 60s and 70s. Introduced than in the construction market were constantly being newer and better technologies. Based on CIDB (2005), identified to be suitable to be used in our tropical climate is the wet joint systems and it was also better to using in the bathroom types which were comparatively wetter than those in the Europe. Another about 1200 units of housing using prefabrication technology were is launched by the Penang State Government in 1978. After two years later, the Ministry of Defense to be build around 2800 units of living quarters and adopted large prefabricated panel construction system in Lumut Naval Base (Trikha and Ali, 2004). Enhance the using of precast concrete system in high rise residential building during the 90s; this is because total demand for the new township has seen to increase. According to the research, Perbadaan Kemajuan Negari Selangor (PKNS) as a state Government development agency acquired precast concrete technology from Praton Haus International based on Germany to build low cost housing and high cost bungalows between 1981 and 1993 for the new townships in Selangor (Hassim et al, 2009 and National IBS Survey, 2003). It was recorded then; total around 52,000 housing units was constructed and using Praton Haus system. In Malaysian construction industry, using IBS as a method of construction is evolving. Nowadays, more local manufacturers have established themselves in the market. Many had acquired enough knowledge through technology transfer to build up own capacity in IBS technologies and this research are base on PKNS Engineering, and Setia Precast and Global Globe. The current stage of IBS used in Malaysia housing projects can be classified into four categories. It was reported that at least 21 manufactures and suppliers of IBS are actively promoting their systems in Malaysia. IBS move to the next step of the development through the establishment of IBS Centre at Jalan Chan Sow Lin, Cheras in Kuala Lumpur. Using IBS in the construction will improve the total performance and quality of construction, as well as to minimize the unskilled foreign labour in the construction industry. 2.3 Classification of Building System There are four types of building system currently available in Malaysias building system classification and this are according to Badir Razali (1998). The building system can be namely as a Conventional Column-beam- slab frame system with timber and plywood; Cast in-situ system with steel or aluminium as formwork; the Composite building system and Prefabricated system and this four types of building system is shown as below. Each building system is represented by its respective construction method which is further characterised by its construction technology, functional and geometrical configuration. There from the four systems, are identified as IBS excluding conventional building system. Building System Conventional Column-beam- slab frame system with timber and plywood. Cast in-situ system with steel or aluminium as formwork. Composite building system Prefabricated system Table Form Tunnel Form Panel system Frame system Box system Flow Chart 1: Type of building system in Malaysia. 2.3.1 Conventional Construction Method Conventional construction method is defined as components of the building that are prefabricated on site through the processes of timber or plywood formwork installation, steel reinforcement, and cast in-situ. This construction method is mostly built of reinforced concrete frames for conventional building. Using the wooden formwork mainly is for the traditional construction method and need take some time to construct the formwork before concreting. This construction method is much more costly for construction which is need includes total labour requirement, raw material, transportation and very importance once is low speed of construction. 2.3.2 Cast In-Situ Construction Method This cast in-situ construction method is more suitable for a country where the unskilled labour is limited. There construction method is not a using heavy machinery or high technology involved. The system is technically and applicable to almost all types of building design. The formwork is used as a mould where wet concrete is poured into a temporary system and the temporary system also acts as a temporary support for the structures. The main objective of a cast in-situ construction method is to weed out and reduce the using traditional timber formwork, brickwork, and plastering. A carefully planned in-situ work can maximise the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. Cast in-situ method uses lightweight prefabricated formwork made of steel or fibreglass or aluminium that is easily erected and dismantled. The steel reinforcement is placed within the formwork after finishes construct the formwork. After placing the reinforcement they are being erected and concrete is poured into the mould. When the concrete is set and according to the required strength, the moulds are dismantled. The workers can be easily trained to erect the moulds and set the steel reinforcement. These construction methods are required limited labour and it will reduce the total labour need. Its advantages over the conventional construction method include, low skill workers requirement, speedy construction, low building m aintenance, durable structure and less construction cost. 2.3.3 Composite Construction Method The main objectives of composite construction method or call partially prefabricated are to improve quality of components, reduce construction cost, and shorten total all construction time. It is used to describe a manufacturing or production strategy that selectively uses some industrialising aspects, while avoiding or postponing the use of others. The concept of composite construction method is derived from the composite nature of full industrialisation. The prefabricated construction method is combined in such a manner that the features applied could be prominently demonstrated, especially composing various works such as temporary facilities, building frames, building finishes, and equipments. 2.3.4 Prefabricated Construction Method In this prefabricated construction method, all structural elements can be standardised are prefabricated in the factory. Usually, this construction method would absorb the assembly of precast elements such as floor slabs, in-filled walls, bathrooms, and staircases into place for incorporation into the main units, columns and beams. This construction method will increase the productivity of the industry and it will reduce the amount of site labour involved in building operations. Precast building systems can reduce the time of a project if certain conditions are met. The last three construction methods (from the flow chart 1) are considered as a non conventional construction methods. These three types of construction method are specifically aimed at increasing performance of construction. Through using the better construction machinery, equipment, technology and materials and it will increase the productivity and total quality of work. 2.4 Classification of IBS According to Badir et al. (1998), IBS can be classified according to several aspects:- Classification according to structural system. Classification according to material. Classification according to relative weight of components. 2.4.1 Classification According to Structural System According to Abraham Warszawski (1999), IBS can be classified according structural systematic aspects. The IBS can be classifies into three categories such as:- Frame System. Panel system. Boxes system. Figure 1, 2, and 3 below as shows the concept of the system as classified above. 2.4.1.1 Frame System According to Badir (1998), linear and frame system is system that use main structure such as column and beam where columns and beams support all the building weight. The walls need to be light and easy to install and concrete panels are introduces as flooring element. 2.4.1.2 Panel System According to Badir (1998), in the panel system, loads are distributed through large floor and wall panels where walls support the building weight. This system is applicable to buildings which functionally require a large number of walls such as apartment house, hotel and hospital. This system is not applicable to buildings with large spans or many stories. So, this panel system is more suitable to build the public housing in the certain high storey. 2.4.1.3 Box System According to Badir (1998), the rectangular or three dimensional systems or boxes system include those systems that employ three dimensional modules or boxes for fabrication of habitable units that is capable of withstanding load from various directions due to their internal stability. 2.4.2 Classification According to Material 2.4.2.1 Timber The timber have a two types of prefabrication which is ready-cut plus shop fabrication of joints this mostly for the columns and beams and another is structural panels where there are only for walls and floors without columns and beams. 2.4.2.2 Brick and Block work Laying of brick or block work are carried out in a mass at factory and transported to site or on site construction. Besides the, building are under construction in the form of panel and then erected. 2.4.2.3 Steel Steel construction essentially contains factors of prefabrication which is one of the criteria of IBS. Elements are jointed by welding, riveting or bolting on site. The large proportion of the strength to the weight allows a long-span or high-rise building. 2.4.2.4 Reinforced Concrete There are two basic directions in development of reinforced concrete IBS component which is panelised components such as walls and floors and precast frame members such as columns and beams. The characteristic of reinforced concrete has high degree of availability, low material cost, durability, and fire resistance. Jointing at site is the key issue of this system. 2.4.3 Classification According to Relative Weight of Component The IBS components can be classified according to their relative weight as show in Table 1 below. Relative to weight of components should be used as a basic for building classification due to the factor of weight has significant impact on the transportability of components and has influence on the production method of the components and their erection method on site. No General System System Production Material 1 Frame System Light weight frame Wood, light gage metals Medium light weight frame Metal, reinforced plastics, laminated wood Heavy weight frame Heavy steel, concrete 2 Panel system Light and medium weight panel Wood frame, metal frame and composite material Heavy weight panel (factory produced) Concrete Heavy weight panel (tilt up-produced on site) Concrete 3 Box system (modules) Medium weight box (mobile) Wood frame, light gage metal, composite Medium weight box (sectional) Wood frame, light gage metal, composite Heavy weight box (factory produced) Concrete Heavy box (tunnel produced on site) Concrete Table 1: Building system classification according to relative weight of component. (Majzub, 1977) 2.5 Types of IBS and Apply to Public Housing According to CIDB (2003), the IBS is a construction process that using techniques, products, components, or building system which involve prefabricated components and on-site installation. Base on the structure aspects of the system, IBS can be identified into five major groups such as:- Precast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box Systems Precast concrete elements are the most common type in this area. There are precast concrete for columns, beams, slabs, walls, lightweight precast concrete, and permanent concrete formwork. This all item are consider using precast method. Besides that, it is also consist of 3D components such as balconies, staircases, toilets, lift chamber, refuse chambers and etc. This precast method is more famous for the construction industry, especially for the public housing when construct using the IBS. Using this method can saving the total construction time if compare to the conventional method. Steel Formwork Systems This is the system formwork which designed by manufacturer to replace a conventional timber formwork. It can be described as a mould which the wet concrete can be poured into the mould and form the required shape. These steel formworks systems are subjected to structural quality control and generally involve site casting. So, this type of IBS method is considered as the low level or least prefabrication in the construction industry. However, this steel formwork systems does offer fast construction and construction time saving and at the same time will provide high quality of finishes with less site labour and material requirement. These steel formwork systems will include table forms, tunnel forms, tilt-up systems, beam and columns moulding forms and permanent steel formworks like metal decks and etc. This steel formwork system also one of the famous system used by the contractor during the construction. Steel Framing Systems These steel framing systems have always been the popular choice and used extensively in the fast track construction projects and this system commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns and beams. Current stage of development in this type of IBS includes the increased usage of light steel trusses. It is consisting of cost-effective profiled cold-formed channels and steel portal frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections. Nowadays, this method is more useful for the housing project, especially for the steel roof trusses (show as below figure 6). This is because the timber roof trusses need the labour to take some time to construct it and lastly need the anti-termite for the timber roof trusses. Prefabricated Timber Framing Systems These prefabricated timber framing systems is using the timber in the construction industry for construct the building. Usually the timber framing system are consists of timber building frames and timber roof trusses (show as below figure 7). While the steel framing systems have been the more popular choice on construction industry, but the timber roof truss system also have its own market where it is offering interesting designs from simple dwelling units to buildings requiring high aesthetical values such as chalets for resorts. This prefabricated timber framing system we can see in the traditional building. Block Work Systems By using this effective alternative system, the tedious and time-consuming traditional brick laying tasks are greatly simplified. The construction method of using conventional bricks has been revolutionize

History of English Literature :: Literature Language Plays Essays

History of English Literature I. INTRODUCTION English literature, literature written in English since c.1450 by the inhabitants of the British Isles; it was during the 15th cent. that the English language acquired much of its modern form. II. The Tudors and the Elizabethan Age The beginning of the Tudor dynasty coincided with the first dissemination of printed matter. William Caxton's press was established in 1476, only nine years before the beginning of Henry VII's reign. Caxton's achievement encouraged writing of all kinds and also influenced the standardization of the English language. The early Tudor period, particularly the reign of Henry VIII, was marked by a break with the Roman Catholic Church and a weakening of feudal ties, which brought about a vast increase in the power of the monarchy. Stronger political relationships with the Continent were also developed, increasing England's exposure to Renaissance culture. Humanism became the most important force in English literary and intellectual life, both in its narrow sense—the study and imitation of the Latin classics—and in its broad sense—the affirmation of the secular, in addition to the otherworldly, concerns of people. These forces produced during the reign (1558–1603) of Elizabeth I one of the most fruitful eras in literary history. The energy of England's writers matched that of its mariners and merchants. Accounts by men such as Richard Hakluyt, Samuel Purchas, and Sir Walter Raleigh were eagerly read. The activities and literature of the Elizabethans reflected a new nationalism, which expressed itself also in the works of chroniclers (John Stow, Raphael Holinshed, and others), historians, and translators and even in political and religious tracts. A myriad of new genres, themes, and ideas were incorporated into English literature. Italian poetic forms, especially the sonnet, became models for English poets. Sir Thomas Wyatt was the most successful sonneteer among early Tudor poets, and was, with Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, a seminal influence. Tottel's Miscellany (1557) was the first and most popular of many collections of experimental poetry by different, often anonymous, hands. A common goal of these poets was to make English as flexible a poetic instrument as Italian. Among the more prominent of this group were Thomas Churchyard, George Gascoigne, and Edward de Vere, earl of Oxford. An ambitious and influential work was A Mirror for Magistrates (1559), a historical verse narrative by several poets that updated the medieval view of history and the morals to be drawn from it. The poet who best synthesized the ideas and tendencies of the English Renaissance was Edmund Spenser.

Patient Billing Essay

Patient billing System is very important. These are collections of information’s about a patient’s health history. Doctors and the others personnel of the hospital like nurses write is medical records so that they can used the information’s again when the patient’s come back to the hospital. It is job of patient’s registry records works to make sure that the information is intact and available anytime when the patient returns to the hospital. Many hospitals in India still manage the patient data manually. Hospitals will be able to save money and time if they have a good software program for  managing patient’s data. The idea is to develop web based patient billing software that can be used to keep track of the patients registering in a hospital or clinic. Doctors and the rooms available in a hospital can be managed using this system. Also, this system should support accessing the previous visit histories of any patient, search for patients by name etc. * A patient can be categorized as â€Å"In patient† or â€Å"Out Patient†. If patient type is â€Å"In Patient†, a bed will be assigned to the patient. * A doctor will be assigned to each patient before the patient meets the doctor. Only one doctor can be assigned to a patient at a given time. * A patient can visit the hospital any number of times Administrator will have complete control of the system. She/he can Add/Edit/Delete patients, Add/Edit/Delete Doctors, Add/Edit/Delete Beds, Search for patients, Assign patients to doctors. Doctor can access a patient’s record and update his observations about the patient in that particular visit. ABOUT BILLING: Hospital bill for inpatient will include a room charge, which covers room, meals, nursing care, housekeeping, maintenance, medical records and admitting services. Bill will also include itemized charges for specific ancillary services such as laboratory, medications, X-rays and use of the operating room, surgical day care, recovery room, physical therapy and other services. Hospital bill for outpatient will include consultation charges and also include itemized charges. Bill will not include visits by physician and fees for radiology (interpretation of X-rays), anesthesiology, emergency medicine, surgery, and other professional services and consultations provided by physicians. These will be billed separately by the physician. EXISTING SYSTEM: The existing system of the patient billing is completely manual. The secretary or the receptionist will write patient information into a medical  form. The clinician takes the medical history of the patient, writes diagnosis and treatment on the form. The Clinician sometimes can refer the patient to the laboratory for medical test before diagnosis depending on the situation of the patient. All the patient form are collected and kept in the filling cabinet for follow up check and future use Disadvantages of Existing system: * The existing system needs to save patients information in the form of excel sheets. * The manual system gives us very less security for saving data. * Some data may be lost due to mismanagement. * Searching of particular room vacancy information is very critical where it takes lot of time. * This system is not having the facility of tracking transfers of patients from the general ward to the ICU and vice versa. * Cannot Upload and Download the latest updates. * No use of Web Services and Remoting. * The existing system is Less user friendly Proposed system: The modern computerized system is developed with the aim to overcome the drawbacks of existing system. The proposed system has got many advantages. It will improve the keeping of medical records of the patient, can handle data efficiently, more accurate in filling and retrieving of records. Since the necessary data is available in one place and the computer is able to manipulate it like sorting, stratifying, then the reports are easy to make unlike using the manual system. The Proposed system directly maps on database and its focuses in adding, searching, modifying, printing and saving of the medical history/ diagnosis of the patient. †¢ This system can provide the information about the patient based on the ward number whether the patient is either in the general ward or the ICU immediately. †¢ By using this system we can prepare all bills pending to be paid by a patient before the patient’s discharge which is computerized. Advantages of proposed system: * User friendliness is provided in the application with various controls. * The system makes much easier and flexible. * Readily upload the latest updates. * There is no risk of data mismanagement at any level. * It provides high level of security with different level of authentication. * We can keep a track of all beds occupied / free in both the ward and the ICU by using this system. * We can keep track of all transfers of patients from the general ward to the ICU and vice versa. * This system is providing the facility of viewing all information about patients details, their admit time and the amount to be paid based on the treatment given and the ward selected. * We can register all the patient details like the amount to be paid / any balance remaining, the ward number, the bed number, the registration number, case number etc. as soon as a new patient is joined in the hospital MODULES: 1. Search module 2. Appointment module 3. Bill generation module 4. Payment module 5. Security & authentication module 6. Reports module 1. Search module: This module facilitates the receptionist for searching about the patient’s past history, availability of Doctors & their timings, Doctors details & also about the doctor’s movement from one branch to another branch. This module keep a track of all beds occupied /free in both the ward and the ICU. Keep a track of all transfers of patients from the general ward to the ICU and vice versa. We can also view the patient details like the ward number, the bed number, the registration number, case number etc. It also help the patient for searching the branches details of the hospital, timings of the hospital, availability of the Doctors & their timings, availability of the appointments etc. 2. Appointment module: This module is dealing with assigning a doctor to each patient before the patient meets the doctor based on their availability. Only one doctor can be assigned to a patient at a given time 3. Bill generation module: This module is dealing with generation of the bills for inpatient which contains the details of all patients, their admit time and the amount to be paid based on the treatment given and the ward selected. We can also view the patient details like amount to be paid / any balance remaining etc. This module also deals with the generation of the bills for outpatient which contains consultation fees. The bill may include itemized charges for specific ancillary services such as laboratory, medications, X-rays and use of the operating room, surgical day care, recovery room, physical therapy and other services. separate bill will be generated for radiology (interpretation of X-rays), anesthesiology, emergency medicine, surgery, and other professional services etc. 4. Payment module: This module is dealing with the payment of bill through the credit card or cash. 5.Security and Authentication: * Login as Receptionist or administrator * Change password * Forgot Password 6. Reports: In this Module, Different actors can generate the different types of Reports according to their access. FEASIBILITY STUDY: Preliminary investigation examine project feasibility, the likelihood the system will be useful to the organization. The main objective of the feasibility study is to test the technical, operational and economical feasibility for adding new modules and debugging old running system. All system is feasible if they are unlimited resources and infinite time. These are aspects in the feasibility study portion of the preliminary investigation. 1. Technical feasibility 2. Operational feasibility 3. Economical feasibility Technical Feasibility: The technical issue usually raised during the feasibility stage of the investigation includes the following: * Does the necessary technology exist to do what is suggested? * Do the proposed equipments have the technical capacity to hold the data required to use the new system? * Will the proposed system provide adequate response to inquiries, regardless of the number or location of users? * Can the system be upgraded if developed? * Are there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data security? Permission to the users would be granted based on the roles specified. Therefore, it provides the technical guarantee of accuracy, reliability and security. The software and hardware requirements for the development of this project are not many and are available as free as open source. The work for the project is done with the current equipment and existing software technology. Necessary bandwidth exists for providing a fast feedback to the users irrespective of the number of users using the system. OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY: Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned out into information system. That will meet the organization’s operating requirements. Operational feasibility aspects of the project are to be taken as an important part of the project implementation. some of the important issues raised are to test the operational feasibility of a project includes the following: * Is there sufficient support for the management from the users? * Will the system be used and work properly if it is being developed and implemented? * Will there be any resistance from the user that will undermine the possible application benefits? This system is targeted to be in accordance with the above mentioned issues. Beforehand, the management issues and user requirements have been taken into consideration. So, there is no question of resistance from the users that can undermine the possible application benefits. The well planned design would ensure the optimal utilization of the computer resources and would help in the improvement of performance status. ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY: A system can be developed technically and that will be used if installed must still be a good Investment for the organization. In the economical feasibility, the development cost in creating the system is evaluated against the ultimate benefit derived from the new systems. Financial benefits must equal or exceed the costs. The system is economically feasible. It does not require any addition hardware or software. Since the interface for this system is developed using the existing resources and technologies, there is nominal expenditure and economical feasibility for certain. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Operating system:Windows XP Browser:Internet Explorer 5.5 User Interface:HTML, CSS Client side scripting:JavaScript Programming Language:Java Web Applications:JDBC, JSP Database:Oracle10g Connection:TCP/IP Protocol:HTTP,SMTP,POP3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Processor:Pentium IV Hard Disk:Minimum 40GB RAM:512MB or more

Definition and Examples of the Habitual Past in Grammar